Understanding Fascism: A Reinterpretation of Historical and Modern Perspectives

Introduction

The terms “fascist” and “fascism” are often used in today's discourse, but there seems to be a lack of understanding about their true meaning. In fact, many of those who claim to oppose fascism often embody its central characteristics. Fascist tendencies can be seen across the political spectrum, from white supremacists to self-proclaimed revolutionary communists and anarchists. To effectively oppose fascism, it is crucial to understand its historical context and true definition.

Misunderstandings of Fascism

Contrary to popular belief, fascism is not a reactionary opposition to progressive ideas in the name of tradition. This misconception has been promoted by several postwar thinkers who generalized fascism to include any authoritarian or traditionalist movement. This interpretation stems from a belief in the value of modernity, which is seen as an inevitable and irreversible process of secularization and human progress.

The True Nature of Fascism

However, this characterization of fascism is largely incorrect and overlooks its central features. Fascism is not a reactionary-traditionalist phenomenon, but a secondary and degenerative development of Marxist revolutionary thought. It is a stage in the modern process of political secularization that started with Lenin. Fascism sees itself as a revolutionary and progressive manifestation of power. It replaces traditional religious principles with a secular religion in which the future becomes an idol and politics replaces religion in the quest to liberate humankind.

The Consequences of Fascism

Fascism's emphasis on action leads to the instrumentalization of individuals, reducing them to mere objects. This results in extraordinary narcissism and solipsism among fascist leaders. Fascist actions, while claiming to be creative, can only destroy. Symbols rich with meaning are ripped from their context and weaponized, and history is discarded, defaced, or ignored unless it serves the fascist political program.

Contemporary Misinterpretations of Fascism

Many people today mistakenly believe that fascism is grounded in strong metaphysical truth claims. However, as Mussolini himself explained, fascism is entirely grounded in relativism. The horrors of World War II were not the failure of the European tradition, but the crisis of modernity — the outcome of the age of secularization.

Understanding and Opposing Fascism

Anti-fascist efforts can only succeed by starting from the premise of a universal shared rationality. Authentic anti-fascism will therefore always seek to employ nonviolent means of persuasion, appealing to evidence and to the conscience of one's interlocutor. The danger is that a thinly veiled fascism — marching under an anti-fascist banner — will overtake and absorb legitimate attempts to address societal injustices.

Conclusion

Simone Weil serves as an exemplary anti-fascist figure. She pursued justice with intellectual honesty and personal commitment, leading her to reject both fascist vitalism and Marxist materialism. Her writings offer valuable insights for those who wish to truly oppose fascism.

Understanding and opposing fascism requires a deep understanding of its historical and philosophical roots. It is not enough to simply label it as evil or reactionary. We must delve into its origins and manifestations, and recognize its presence in today's political landscape. What are your thoughts on this interpretation of fascism? Share this article with your friends and join the conversation. Don't forget to sign up for the Daily Briefing, which is delivered every day at 6pm.